ISO 9001 The Process Model
ISO 9000 has achieved global
recognition, particularly amongst organisations who have demonstrated
their capability to meet stringent customer expectations through quality
assurance. Over 350,000 companies worldwide are registered to one of the
ISO 9000:1994 series of Standards
A major survey of these users
was commissioned in 1997 by an ISO Technical Committee (TC 176) which
revealed criticism of the 20 element model in terms of it being
manufacturing biased, too cumbersome and having too many guidelines. In
recent years, other business disciplines have become driven by
processes, not procedures. Industries began to find the ISO 9000 series
inflexible and less relevant to their needs.
How is the Standard changed ?
The good news is that the
2000 version of the standard promises benefits that will apply equally
to small firms as to large organisations. These include the following :
- Written in clear language;
simple to use and less bureaucratic
- Applicable to all sizes of
organisation and all product sectors - including service
- More emphasis on 'the
processes' of a business
- Ability to reduce the
scope, according to the type of organisation
- Compatible with related
standards, such as ISO 14001 (Environmental)
- Provides a pathway to
continual improvement
ISO 9002:1994 and ISO 9003:1994
have been withdrawn and incorporated into a single requirements
standard; ISO 9001:2000. The standard was further amended in
2008 although the changes were
fairly minor.
Four core standards
There will be four core
standards for Quality Management Systems :
- ISO 9000 Fundamentals and
vocabulary
- ISO 9001 Requirements
- ISO 9004 Guidance for
performance improvement
- ISO 19011 Guidelines for
Auditing Quality Systems (used to be ISO 1001)
Of these, only ISO 9001 is a
certifiable standard (i.e. ISO9001 is the only standard that you can be
assessed against), with the others being for guidance and information
purposes only.
Change in emphasis
The major proposed change is
from a system-based to a process-based management approach, which is
seen as a logical progression in line with other contemporary management
initiatives.
In emphasising measurement,
customer satisfaction and continual improvement, the ISO 9000:2000
series demonstrates that it does not pursue quality for its own sake -
but acknowledges it as an essential requirement for the achievement of
customer satisfaction.
The Process Model
Any activity or operation which
receives inputs and converts them to outputs is a process, which covers
almost all product and/or service activities and operations. For
organisations to function they have to define and manage numerous
inter-linked processes.
The process model for ISO 9001
shows its four main elements following the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle. It
is simply a way of representing an organisation's quality management
system in relation to customer's requirements and the achievement of
customer satisfaction.
